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作为分配制度的一个原则的效率与公平问题,应该放到现实的历史关系上来考察。马克思说,任何范畴,哪怕是最抽象的范畴,就其“规定性本身来说,同样是历史关系的产物,而且只有对于这些关系并在这些关系之内才具有充分意义”。无论是效率和公平它们本身的各自的规定性,还是它们之间的关系都是历史关系的产物,而且只有在一定的历史关系内才具有充分的意义和具体的内容。历史地审察效率与公平问题,必须把它们和一定的历史条件、社会制度、经济制度和体制连结起来,并在此基础上揭示出它们的具体内容和关系。
The issue of efficiency and fairness as a principle of the distribution system should be examined in the context of the historical relations. Marx said that any category, even the most abstract category, is also the product of historical relations in terms of its “prescriptive nature,” and it is only for these relationships that are of sufficient significance within these relations. " Both their own prescriptive nature of efficiency and fairness, or the relations between them, are the product of historical relations and only have their full meaning and concrete content within a certain historical relationship. To examine the issues of efficiency and fairness historically, we must link them up with certain historic conditions, social systems, economic systems and systems and, on this basis, reveal their specific content and relations.