点电荷模型假定穆斯堡尔原子是点电荷,处于晶体分子一定对称中心,与穆斯堡尔原子键合的配位体是有郊点电荷。它忽略了分子间相互作用和配位体间的相互作用。利用点电荷模型可以推导出电场梯度张量各分量的表达式。由配位体的分电场梯度可以得出各配位体的分四极裂距,用加成法则可得出不同结构分子的穆斯堡尔核电四极裂距的量值和符号,并可对其作结构和键特性分析。 The point charge model assumes that the Momsbau atom is a point charge and is at a symmetrical center of the crystal and that the ligand bonded to the Münsburg atom has a charge on the outskirts. It ignores the intermolecular interactions and the interactions between the ligands. The expression of the components of the gradient gradient of electric field can be deduced by using the point charge model. From the subdivision gradient of the ligand, we can get the quadrupole splitting distance of each ligand. The addition law can be used to get the magnitude and sign of the quadrupole crack of Mossbauer nuclear power with different structural molecules Its structural and key characteristics can be analyzed.