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中国理学的创始人二程的理论中存在着唯物因素同唯心体系的矛盾.这种矛盾集中体现在表述格物穷理说的“德性之知”和“闻见之知”一对范畴上.本文通过对这对范畴的产生、含义及其相互关系的分析来揭示二程思想的矛盾性.二程理论的基点是唯心主义的“天理”,因而认定先天的德性之知是认识的根源.但是,在理论体系的逻辑发展中产生了构成闻见之知的主、客体条件,这就使得二程把以探索客观事物为特征的闻见之知当作人们实际的认识途径.
There is a contradiction between the materialism and the idealistic system in the theory of Cheng Cheng, the founder of Chinese rationalism, which focuses on the categories of “knowledge of morality” and “knowledge of the senses” in the expression of the theory of moral misunderstanding. This article reveals the contradictions of the thought of “two courses” through the analysis of the origin, meaning and interrelationship of the two categories.The basic point of the two-way theory is the idealism of “nature”, so that the cognition of inherent virtue is the root of cognition However, in the logical development of the theoretical system, the conditions of the subject and the object that constitute the knowledge and knowledge have been created, and this has led to the realization by the two beings of the actual knowledge of what is known as the exploration of objective things.