Extracts from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Grassleaf Sweetflag Rhizome, Shichangpu) have been shown to improve leing and memory, reduce anxiety, allay excitement, and suppress seizures. Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts interact with γ-aminobutyric acid and activate the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, although few studies have addressed the precise effects of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit. In the present study, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and pathological scores of brain injury, were significantly greater following recurrent seizures, but significantly decreased following treatment with Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts. These results indicated that Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts down-regulated γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and protected seizure-induced brain injury during development.