目的了解城区3~5岁学龄前儿童行为问题及影响因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法随机整群抽取兰州市五所幼儿园3~5岁学龄前儿童828名,采用Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)、自行设计的家庭相关因素问卷对其家长进行调查。结果城区3~5岁儿童行为问题检出率为31.64%,男、女童PSQ各因子得分无性别差异(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,母亲的怀孕年龄、家庭月收入、儿童睡眠时间与儿童行为问题的发生有关(P<0.05)。结论本研究地区3~5岁儿童行为问题发生率较高,应在幼儿园开展一级预防,宣传学龄前儿童的心理发展特点,引导父母采取合理的育儿方式,减少儿童行为问题的发生。 Objective To understand the behavioral problems and influencing factors of preschool children aged 3 ~ 5 years old in urban area and provide the basis for early intervention. Methods A total of 828 preschool children aged 3-5 years old from five nurseries in Lanzhou were randomly selected. Their parents were investigated using the Conners Parents Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and their self-designed family-related questionnaire. Results The prevalence of behavioral problems among children aged 3 ~ 5 years in urban area was 31.64%. There was no significant difference in male and female PSQ scores (P> 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the mother’s pregnancy age, family monthly income, children’s sleep time and children’s behavior problems (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of behavioral problems in children aged 3 to 5 years in this study is relatively high. Primary prevention should be carried out in kindergartens to promote the psychological development of preschool children and guide their parents to adopt reasonable parenting styles to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in children.