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土壤有机质是土壤肥力的基础,也是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标之一,对作物产量有直接贡献。西藏土壤有机质含量对作物的生长起到决定性作用,对西藏土壤有机质现状与影响因素进行研究,可以了解西藏土壤肥力状况,实现农业生产的可持续发展。通过对西藏温暖半湿润区、温暖半干旱区、温凉半湿润半干旱区3个主要气候区的主要农田土壤取样分析有机质含量,并研究土壤有机质含量与海拔、年降水量、年积温和农田有机肥施用量等影响因素的相关关系,结果显示:西藏土壤有机质含量较低平均值为24.51 gkg-1,有机质的分布有明显的地域特征,呈现东部高西部低的状况,从全区范围看土壤有机质变异较大,导致变异的因素主要是气候原因。土壤有机质与海拔、年降水量、年积温和农田有机肥施用量四种因素均呈显著相关关系,除与海拔呈负相关关系外,与其他三种因素均呈正相关关系。
Soil organic matter is the basis of soil fertility and is also one of the important indicators of soil fertility. It has a direct contribution to crop yield. The soil organic matter content in Tibet plays a decisive role in the growth of crops. The present status and influencing factors of soil organic matter in Tibet are studied to understand the status of soil fertility in Tibet and to achieve the sustainable development of agricultural production. Soil samples of main farmland in three major climatic regions in warm and semi-humid regions, warm and semi-arid regions, warm and cool semi-humid and semi-arid regions were sampled for soil organic matter analysis and soil organic matter content and elevation, annual precipitation, annual accumulated temperature and farmland The results showed that the average value of soil organic matter in Tibet was 24.51 gkg-1, and the distribution of organic matter had obvious regional characteristics, showing a low level in the eastern part of the western region. From the perspective of the whole region Soil organic matter variation is large, leading to variation of the main climate factors. There was a significant correlation between soil organic matter and altitude, annual precipitation, annual accumulated temperature and organic fertilizer application. There was a positive correlation between soil organic matter and other three factors except for negative correlation with altitude.