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水生生物,特别是底栖生物与其生存时基底的性质关系很大。人们可以据包含化石的围岩来推断古代生物生活时基底的性质;也可以据化石本身来研究和推断生物生存时基底沉积物的某些特征和古环境性质。化石作为古代生物的遗体和遗迹,不仅在划分和对比地层方面起着重大的作用,而且在恢复古地理、古环境和古气候方面起着越来越大的作用。本文简单地介绍了海洋生物基底的类型,据生物与基底的关系对生物划分的类型,着重讨论了在平底环境条件下基底沉积物对在其上或其中生存的生物群所产生的影响。
Aquatic organisms, especially benthic organisms, have a great relationship with the nature of their substrate when they survive. According to the fossil rock, one can infer the nature of the basement of the ancient biological life. According to the fossil itself, some characteristics and paleoenvironmental properties of the basement sediments during living can also be studied and deduced. As the remains and relics of ancient creatures, fossils not only play a significant role in dividing and contrasting stratigraphy, but also play an increasingly important role in the restoration of ancient geography, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. This paper briefly introduces the types of marine organisms and their classification according to the relationship between organisms and their substrates. The effects of substrate sediments on the living organisms on or in them under flat-bottomed environmental conditions are mainly discussed.