地球对大地震的响应研究可以看作大的岩石变形试验,其中突然的应力变化在下地壳和上地幔产生粘性流动使得地表产生可观测到的震后变形(Nur and Mavko,1974)。实验室中的试验表明,热的岩石层中岩石的粘性流动变形可由幂次率来表征,其中应变速率与应力的n次幂成比例(Kirby and Kronenberg, 1987; Carter and Tsenn, 1987)。然而许多下地壳和上地幔的地球动 Earth’s response to a large earthquake can be viewed as a large rock deformation test in which sudden changes in stress produce viscous flows in the lower and upper mantle causing observable post-earthquake deformation in the surface (Nur and Mavko, 1974). Experiments in the laboratory have shown that the viscous flow deformation of rocks in hot rock formations can be characterized by a power rate in which the strain rate is proportional to the n-th power of the stress (Kirby and Kronenberg, 1987; Carter and Tsenn, 1987). However, many of the earth’s lower crust and upper mantle move