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目前,在商品房销售市场上,房地产开发企业在与购房人签约前向购房入收取一定费用的情形较为普遍。这种费用常被冠以“定金”、“订金”、“押金”、“保证金”等名称,而且一般对返还问题都没有明确规定。由于存在许多可变因素,甚至有些项目本身就不具备销售条件,因此一旦出现纠纷,消费者不愿购房时,已交付的费用很难退还。需要说明的是,目前此类费用大多都不是法律上严格意义的订金性质,只有其名而无其实,只是一种预订款性质。为了保护买受人的利益,建设部制定的《商品房销售管理办法》第22条对这种预订款的约定进行了明确规定。对于属于订金性质的,国家的《担保法》等相关法律、法规已经有明确的处置规定。《担保法》第六章对订金的性质及订金的处置做了明确规定:“当事人可以约定一方向对方给付订金作为债权的担保。债务人履行债务后,订金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付订金
At present, in the real estate sales market, it is more common for the real estate development enterprises to charge a certain amount of fees before purchasing a home. Such costs are often dubbed as ”deposit“, ”deposit“, ”deposit“, ”deposit“ and other names, and the general return of the problem are not clearly defined. Because of the many variables and even some items that do not themselves have sales conditions, once a dispute arose, the cost of delivery was hard to refund when consumers did not want to buy a home. It should be noted that, at present, most of these costs are not legally rigor in the nature of the deposit, only its name without fact, just a reservation of nature. In order to protect the interests of the buyer, Article 22 of the Measures for the Administration of Sales of Commercial Houses formulated by the Ministry of Construction clearly stipulates the stipulations on such subscriptions. For the nature of the deposit, the country’s ”Security Law“ and other relevant laws and regulations already have a clear disposal requirements. Chapter VI of the Guarantee Law clearly stipulates the nature of the deposit and the disposition of the deposit: ”A party may stipulate that one party pays a deposit to the other as a guarantee of its claim. After the debtor has discharged its obligation, the deposit shall be refunded or recovered.