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【目的】研究等量氮磷钾养分投入条件下,长期稻草原位全量还田配施化肥对双季早稻氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分吸收累积、转运及养分利用的影响,为南方稻区稻草资源有效利用,维持并提高土壤肥力及水稻合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以江西温圳国家级耕地质量监测点长期定位试验为研究对象,陆两优996为供试材料,在不施化肥和施用化肥基础上设稻草还田、稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田共6个处理,除空白对照外,所有处理养分投入量相等。于2015年在早稻移栽期、分蘖期、幼穗分化期、抽穗期和成熟期取地上部植株样,分析水稻植株不同部位的N、P、K含量和累积量以及转运比例,并计算N、P、K养分利用效率。【结果】稻草还田提高了水稻产量,施肥条件下稻草还田处理比稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田处理平均增产2.9%~6.4%,比不施肥区产量增幅高达23.8%~26.0%,且差异达显著水平。无论是施肥区处理,还是无肥区处理,与稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田处理相比,稻草还田植株中K含量及N、P、K积累量在整个生育期均较高,而N、P含量在生育后期较高,N、P、K积累量以施肥区处理大于相应的无肥区处理;稻草还田提高水稻N、P、K养分农学效率、回收率和养分偏生产力,且N、K差异达显著水平,同时显著增加K的收获指数;稻草还田还提高了抽穗至成熟期茎鞘中N、P、K的转运量、转运率及转移养分对籽粒的贡献率,而叶片各处理间差异不显著。【结论】稻草还田配施化肥能提高水稻产量,同时还可以调节N、P、K养分的积累和转运,提高养分的吸收利用效率。本试验条件下,稻草还田可替代化肥氮肥(N)29.5%、磷肥(P_2O_5)4.0%和钾肥(K_2O)50.0%。综合考虑,稻草还田相比稻草烧灰还田而言是南方稻区土壤养分管理实现高效利用的有效途径之一。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term rice straw combined with chemical fertilizers on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrient absorption and accumulation, transport and nutrient utilization Which will provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of straw resources in southern rice area, maintain and improve soil fertility and rational fertilization of rice. 【Method】 The long-term location test of the national cultivated land quality monitoring point in Jiangxi Province was taken as the research object. The experiment was conducted with Lu Liang-You 996 as test material, straw returning, straw returning to straw and straw Do not return a total of 6 treatment, except for blank control, all the same amount of nutrient processing. In 2015, shoots and roots of rice plants were transplanted at the transplanting, tillering, panicle-forming, heading and maturing stages of early rice. The contents of N, P, K and their translocation in different parts of rice plants were analyzed. , P, K nutrient utilization efficiency. 【Result】 The results showed that rice straw returning increased the rice yield. The average yield of rice straw returned to straw and wheat straw returning increased by 2.9% ~ 6.4% and 23.8% ~ 26.0% , And the difference reached a significant level. The contents of K, N, P and K in the straw returning plants were higher than those in the straw returning and straw returning treatments, no matter in the fertilization area or in the non-fertilizer area. While N and P contents were higher in late growth stage and N, P and K accumulations in treatment area were higher than those in non-fertilizer area. Rice straw addition increased N, P and K nutrient agronomic efficiency, recovery and nutrient partial production , And the difference of N and K reached significant level, at the same time, the harvest index of K increased significantly. Straw returning also increased the N, P, K translocation, translocation rate and the contribution rate of transfer nutrients to grain in heading and maturing stage , But no significant difference between the leaves of the treatment. 【Conclusion】 Rice straw combined with chemical fertilizers can increase the yield of rice, at the same time, it can also regulate the accumulation and transport of N, P and K nutrients and improve the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of this experiment, rice straw can replace 29.5% nitrogen fertilizer, 4.0% phosphate fertilizer and 50.0% potassium fertilizer. Taken together, compared with rice straw straw returning to straw in terms of the southern rice soil nutrient management to achieve efficient use of one of the effective ways.