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社会正义的经典理论是选择经济效率与社会公平之间关系的行动指南。在思想史上,功利主义和自由主义代表着当代正义理论的两极。以穆勒为代表的功利主义正义观强调社会整体福利的最大化,自由主义哲学家罗尔斯作为公平的正义论强调个人自由权利的优先,对当今社会影响深远。社会公平与经济效率的现代意蕴在于把握二者的内在逻辑关系,促进公平与效率的协调共进。在现阶段,我国必须结合中国具体实际,吸收国外社会正义理论的精髓,坚持效率优先、兼顾公平,更加注重社会公平的原则,通过向社会公众提供基本而有效的公共服务,促进社会公平的实现。
The classic theory of social justice is a guide for action in choosing the relationship between economic efficiency and social equity. In the history of ideas, utilitarianism and liberalism represent the poles of contemporary theory of justice. The utilitarian view of justice, represented by Mill, emphasizes the maximization of social welfare as a whole. The liberal philosopher Rawls, as a fair justice theory, emphasizes the priority of individual freedom and has a far-reaching impact on today’s society. The modern implication of social fairness and economic efficiency lies in grasping the internal logic of the two and promoting the co-existence of fairness and efficiency. At this stage, our country must integrate the essence of the theory of social justice abroad, adhere to the principle of giving priority to efficiency, give consideration to fairness and pay more attention to social equity, and provide the public with basic and effective public services to promote the realization of social fairness .