工业革命又称产业革命,指资本主义工业化的早期历程,即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。以机器生产逐步取代手工劳动,以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技的革命、后来又扩充到其他行业的演变过程就叫做工业革命。后来也有一些学者提出“多次工业革命”说,例如19世纪 Industrial Revolution, also known as the Industrial Revolution, refers to the early history of capitalist industrialization, that is, capitalist production has completed the transition from the workshop handicraft industry to the machine-large industry. The gradual replacement of manual labor by machine production, the revolution of production and technology by manual production by individual factories in large-scale factory production, and later the expansion of the evolution of other industries are called the industrial revolution. Later, some scholars also proposed “multiple industrial revolutions,” saying, for example, the 19th century