一、前言普通模锻件,其尺寸精度和表面光洁度都较差,因此不得不留有一定的余量,以便模锻后进行机加工。这部分因机加工而浪费的金属占零件重量的20～40％。由此可见,普通模锻件的生产在人力和材料方面都造成了巨大的浪费。随着科学技术,特别是宇航技术的发展,精密模锻件需要量日益增加,从而促进了精密模锻工艺的研究和发展。七十年代以来,国外已出现多种精密模锻工艺。精密模锻件已被广 I. Introduction Ordinary die forgings, the dimensional accuracy and surface finish are poor, so have to leave a certain margin, in order to die forging after machining. This part of the metal wasted due to machining accounted for 20 to 40% of the weight of the part. This shows that the production of ordinary die forgings has caused tremendous waste in manpower and materials. With the development of science and technology, especially aerospace technology, the demand of precision die forging is increasing day by day, which promotes the research and development of precision die forging process. Since the seventies, a variety of precision forging process has emerged abroad. Precision forgings have been widely