将能量转换成有用功的问题一直吸引着技术人员,事实上,这就是热力学第二定律的全部内容。对提高热效率引起注意是从两方面来考虑的。首先,燃油当然要花钱的,效率高的发动机耗油较少。此外,效率又影响发动机的可靠性和耐久性。这是因为内燃机发生的许多故障和损坏量是由于循环和排气温度高产生的结果,而高的排气温度是和低的热效率联系在一起的。 The problem of converting energy into useful work has always drawn the attention of technicians. In fact, this is the entire second law of thermodynamics. Attention to improving thermal efficiency is considered in two ways. First, of course, fuel costs money, and efficient engines consume less fuel. In addition, efficiency affects the reliability and durability of the engine. This is because many failures and damage to the internal combustion engine occur as a result of high cycle and exhaust temperature, which is associated with low thermal efficiency.