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目前国内常用的活塞铝合金为ZL3和ZL8。ZL3一般采用T_1处理,不存在淬火变形。ZL8均采用T6处理,有淬火变形问题,淬火变形主要是由加热和冷却的不均匀造成的内应力所引起的。我厂生产ZL8活塞在空气循环电炉中加热,淬火加热温度515±5℃。淬火冷却介质是水。水温愈低,冷速愈大,淬火效果愈好,但冷淡的增大,将会使铸件产生变形。为防止铸件在冷却过程中产生变形,一般要求在热水中冷却。我们生产ZL8活塞,淬火冷却,采用冷水冷却,表中测试数据是毛坯活塞的口部位进行加工,以止口尺寸为准,选择装料筐的二个位置活塞。一是在认为冷速最大的最低层;二是在中间层,生产试验结果如表1,表2,表3。
Currently used piston aluminum alloy ZL3 and ZL8. ZL3 generally T_1 treatment, there is no quenching deformation. ZL8 are used T6 treatment, quenching deformation problems, quenching deformation is mainly caused by the uneven heating and cooling caused by the internal stress. I plant ZL8 piston in the air circulation furnace heating, quenching temperature 515 ± 5 ℃. Quench cooling medium is water. The lower the water temperature, the greater the cooling rate, the better the quenching effect, but the cold increase, will make the casting deformation. In order to prevent casting deformation during cooling, generally require cooling in hot water. We produce ZL8 piston, quench cooling, the use of cold water cooling, the test data in the table is the rough part of the mouth piston processing, in order to stop mouth size, select the loading basket of the two position piston. First, think that the maximum cooling rate of the lowest layer; the second is in the middle layer, the production test results in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.