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笔者曾写过一篇《使用动性语素“上”、“下”的心理基础》的文章,刊登在一九八九年第四期《世界汉语教学》上。那是谈名词前的动性语素如“上山”、“下乡”、“上机关”、“下基层”一类中的“上”、“下”的。本文要谈的,是动词后的“上”、“下”,如“关上门”、“赶上队伍”、“走下讲台”、“摘下帽子”等中的“上”和“下”。 需要指出的是这个“上”或“下”是单独作前面动词的补语。若“上”、“下”作为复合趋向动词的一部分,如“爬上去”、“跌下来”、“浮上来”、“沉下去”一类中的“上”、“下”不在本文讨论之列。 本文谈的动词后作补语的“上”、“下”也是动性语素。按其语义和语用情况可以分为以下一些类型。
The author once wrote an article entitled “Use of Active Morpheme” as a Psychological Basis of Up and Down, published in the Fourth World Chinese Language Teaching, 1989. That is to say the dynamic morphemes before the nouns such as “up” and “down” in the categories of “going up to the mountain”, “going to the countryside”, “going to the organ” and “going down to grassroots level”. What we are going to talk about in this article are the words “上” and “下” in the verbs, such as “上” and “下” in the context of “closing the door”, “catching up with the team,” “walking down the podium,” “ . It should be noted that this ”up“ or ”down“ is the complement of the preceding verb alone. If ”上“ and ”下“ are part of the compound tendency verbs, such as ”上“ and ”下“ in the categories of ”climb up“, ”fall down“, ”float up“ and ”sink down“ Column. This article talks about the verb after the complement of the ”upper“, ”next" is also dynamic morpheme. According to their semantic and pragmatic circumstances can be divided into the following types.