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哺乳类、鸟类、鱼和两栖类动物对亚硝胺致癌作用有敏感性,实验证明约有80%的亚硝胺类化合物和全部亚硝酰胺对小白鼠有致癌作用。并且,这些致癌物质对器官有明显的亲和性,例如亚硝胺主要对肝脏、食道、呼吸系统和肾脏产生致癌作用,而亚硝酰胺作用于神经系统和胃肠道器官。这种器官亲和性似乎与剂量有关而与给药途径无关,如小白鼠长期给低剂量 DMN 诱发肝肿瘤而一次或数次给大剂量可诱发肾肿瘤。亚硝胺在体内被氧化酶致活而形成中间代谢产物,发挥其致癌作用而亚硝酰胺被分
Mammals, birds, fish and amphibians are sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of nitrosamines. Experiments have shown that about 80% of nitrosamines and all nitrosamides have carcinogenic effects on mice. Moreover, these carcinogens have obvious affinity to organs, for example, nitrosamines mainly cause carcinogenesis to the liver, esophagus, respiratory system and kidneys, and nitrosamines act on the nervous system and gastrointestinal organs. This organ affinity appears to be dose dependent and independent of the route of administration. For example, mice that have long-term low-dose DMN-induced liver tumors and large doses one or more times can induce kidney tumors. Nitrosamines are activated by oxidase in the body to form intermediate metabolites, exert their carcinogenic effects and nitrosamines are divided