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根据2008年9月至2009年8月在胶州湾中部海域逐月进行的底拖网调查数据,应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法对胶州湾中部海域蟹类群落结构及多样性的月变化及其影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:调查海域共捕获蟹类18种,隶属于11科17属;蟹类相对资源量具有明显的月间变化,其中6—8月平均网获量较高.全年优势种为双斑蟳.蟹类群落优势种组成具有明显的月变化,双斑蟳、日本蟳、三疣梭子蟹、绒毛细足蟹和隆线强蟹分别为不同月份的优势种.蟹类群落物种丰富度指数(D)为0.54~2.86,Shannon多样性指数(H)为0.06~2.59,均匀度指数(J)为0.03~0.97.各群落物种多样性指数均在冬季月份最高,秋季月份次之,春夏季月份最低.聚类分析(CLUSTER)与非度量多维标度排序(MDS)分析可以将全年蟹类群落划分为3个月份组:Ⅰ(5—10月)、Ⅱ(4、11、12月)和Ⅲ(1—3月).单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,不同月份组群种类组成差异显著;Ⅰ与Ⅱ、Ⅰ与Ⅲ组群差异显著,Ⅱ与Ⅲ组群差异不显著.各月份组群的典型种包括双斑蟳、三疣梭子蟹、日本蟳、隆线强蟹、绒毛细足蟹,以及月份组群间分歧种包括双斑蟳、日本蟳、三疣梭子蟹,对蟹类群落结构月变化的影响明显.生物-环境分析(BIOENV)显示,各环境因子中底层水温是影响胶州湾中部海域蟹类群落结构月变化的主要环境因子.
Based on the monthly bottom trawl surveys in the central Jiaozhou Bay from September 2008 to August 2009, the relative importance index, biodiversity index and multivariate statistical analysis were used to analyze the crab community structure and its distribution in the central Jiaozhou Bay The results showed that 18 species of crabs were captured in the survey area, belonging to 11 genera and 17 genera. The relative amount of resources of crabs had obvious monthly variations, of which the average of June-August The results showed that the dominant species in the population was bifidobacterium, and the dominant species in the crab community had obvious monthly changes, and the crabs, bream, Japanese crab, crab Portunus trituberculatus, Month.The species richness index (D) of crab community was 0.54-2.86, Shannon’s diversity index (H) was 0.06-2.59, evenness index (J) was 0.03-0.97.The species diversity index of each community The highest monthly in winter, the lowest in autumn and the lowest in spring and summer.Cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis divided the whole year’s crab community into three months: Ⅰ (5- October), Ⅱ (4, 11, December) and Ⅲ (January to March) The results of ANOSIM showed that there were significant differences in the species composition among different months, with significant differences between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ, but not between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ.The typical species in each month included bream, The differences of the monthly variation of crab community structure between the crabs of Portunus trituberculatus, Japanese goose, strong crab and long-crab, as well as the differences of monthly species between the groups including bream, Japanese goose and portunus trituberculatus Analysis (BIOENV) showed that the bottom water temperature in each environmental factor was the main environmental factor that affected the monthly variation of crab community structure in the central Jiaozhou Bay.