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留学生学习汉字的目的主要是掌握汉语词汇,达到一定的汉语阅读和写作水平。以此为出发点,本文作了两项调查,一是欧美学生成绩测试的结果与其他留学生对比,一是三年来两个对外汉语教学核心期刊中有关汉字教学的研究。根据调查结果,文章指出,汉字教学要跟汉语词汇的教学衔接起来,才能从根本上解决“汉字难”的问题。基于汉字和词汇关系的分析,本文主张在教学设计中贯彻以下原则:(1)在初级水平阶段分阶段集中进行基础汉字的教学;(2)以意义为线索贯穿字词;(3)以语素为形式标志对汉字进行分类;(4)“举一反三”与“条分缕析”相结合。
The main purpose of studying Chinese for foreign students is to master Chinese vocabulary and achieve a certain level of Chinese reading and writing. Taking this as a starting point, this paper makes two surveys. First, the results of the performance test of European and American students compare with those of other international students. The first is the study of Chinese teaching in two core journals of Chinese as a foreign language in the past three years. According to the survey results, the article points out that the teaching of Chinese characters must be linked with the teaching of Chinese vocabulary in order to solve the problem of “difficult Chinese characters” fundamentally. Based on the analysis of the relationship between Chinese characters and lexicons, this paper advocates the following principles in teaching design: (1) Focusing on basic Chinese teaching in stages at the primary level; (2) Using words as meanings; (3) For the form of characters on the classification of Chinese characters; (4) “give top priority to unity ” and “Bar Analysis ” combined.