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目前物理化学教科书中的自发过程方向与限度判据,只能对常见自发过程作判断,不能对含有非体积功的各类过程做出判断。笔者从热力学第二定律的理论基础克劳修斯不等式入手,通过自发变化熵判据的演绎过程,找到了3个判据不完整性的原因所在,给出了完整方向性判据的解决方案。应用表明,完整的方向与限度判据可适用于各类热力学变化过程。
Currently physical textbooks in the spontaneous process direction and limits of the criterion can only judge the common spontaneous process, can not judge the various types of processes with non-volume work. Starting from the Clausius inequality, the theoretic basis of the second law of thermodynamics, the author finds three reasons for the incompleteness of the criterion through the deducing process of spontaneous change entropy criterion, and gives the solution of the complete directionality criterion . Applications show that complete directions and limits can be applied to all types of thermodynamic processes.