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本文以位于黄土高原沟壑区的长武县作为研究区域,选取与土壤质量密切相关的土壤有机质,易氧化有机质,全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾、微量元素、土壤酶活性、粘粒、阳离子交换量等因子作为评价指标。采用指数标度法确定判断矩阵,对传统层次分析模型进行了改进,确定了权重系数,利用模糊数学中的综合指数法计算土壤质量指数。结果表明,以指数标度法作为改进应用于层次分析模型,建立了有效的递阶层次分析结构,避免了判断矩阵一致性检验的过程。与用偏相关系数确定权重相比,层次分析模型使土壤质量各指标的权重区分度更加明显,避免权重平均化的趋势。根据两种权重得出的土壤质量指数进行方差检验(P=0)的结果存在显著性差异。评价结果显示,长武县土壤质量受地形部位影响较大,土壤质量指数分布在0.19～0.71之间,有75.2%的土壤质量处于中等水平,有17.9%的土壤质量处于贫瘠状态。
In this paper, Changwu County, located in the gully area of the Loess Plateau, was selected as the study area. Soil organic matter, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, trace elements, Activity, clay, cation exchange capacity and other factors as the evaluation index. The exponential scaling method is used to determine the judgment matrix. The traditional AHP model is improved, the weight coefficient is determined, and the soil quality index is calculated by the comprehensive index method in fuzzy mathematics. The results show that the exponential scaling method is applied to the AHP model, and an effective hierarchy analysis structure is established, which avoids the consistency test of the judgment matrix. Compared with using the partial correlation coefficient to determine the weight, the AHP makes the indexes of soil quality more distinctive, avoiding the trend of weight averaging. There was a significant difference in the results of variance test (P = 0) for soil quality index based on two kinds of weights. The results showed that the soil quality in Changwu County was greatly affected by the topography. The soil quality index was distributed between 0.19 and 0.71, with 75.2% of the soil quality at a medium level and 17.9% of the soil quality at a barren state.