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关于液气双相系统的平衡,在普通物理教学中通常只是定性地进行讨论。许多问题不能深入。作者在教学中尝试用一种浅显的、在物理上直观的方法比较深入地讲解液气双相系统的平衡,效果还是好的。现介绍于下作为抛砖引玉,请同行们指正。 (一)液气双相系统的平衡条件设一个封闭容器(体积保持不变)的一部分为液态物质所占据,其余部分为气态的同一物质所占据。问在什么条件下这个双相系统的状态才不随着时间而改变呢? 首先在达到平衡时,液相的温度T_1应该等于气相的温度T_2。很显然如果这个条件不满足,一个相就要变热,而另一个相则要变冷。
With regard to the balance of the two-phase system, it is usually only qualitatively discussed in ordinary physics teaching. Many problems can not be in-depth. In teaching, the author tries to explain the balance of liquid-gas two-phase system in a shallow, physically and intuitive way, and the effect is still good. Now introduced as a starting point, please correct me. (A) the equilibrium conditions of liquid-gas two-phase system Let a part of the closed container (volume unchanged) occupied by the liquid material, the rest of the same substance occupied by the gaseous state. When asked, under what conditions does the state of the two-phase system not change with time? First of all, when the equilibrium is reached, the temperature of the liquid phase T_1 should equal the temperature of the gaseous phase, T_2. Obviously, if this condition is not satisfied, one phase should become hot, while the other phase should be cooled.