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【目的和方法】为了揭示新疆小麦地方品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的遗传多样性,对新疆北部地区(北疆)、东部地区(东疆)和南部地区(南疆)小麦地方品种HMW-GS的分布进行了研究。【结果】研究表明:新疆小麦地方品种HMW-GS等位变异的分布与其地理来源具有密切关系,除Glu-B1位点外,Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点等位变异在北部地区、东部地区和南部地区的分布频率存在显著差异。在Glu-A1位点,Glu-A1c编码的Null亚基出现的频率最高,其次是Glu-A1b编码的2~*亚基;但在北部地区,几乎所有品种都含有Glu-A1c编码的Null亚基,仅有1个品种含有Glu-A1b编码的2~*亚基。在Glu-B1位点,新疆大多数小麦地方品种含有Glu-B1b编码的7+8亚基。在Glu-D1位点,新发现的等位基因Glu-D1bp(t)编码的2.6亚基在东疆和南疆出现的频率较高,但在北疆出现的频率最低,分别为91%(东疆),61%(南疆),19%(北疆);等位基因Glu-D1bp(t)在南疆冬小麦地方品种中普遍存在。然而,北疆是以等位基因Glu-D1a编码的2+12亚基为主,其频率为83%。关于Glu-D1bp(t)的起源,推测可能是在南疆地区自然突变产生,然而由于南疆和东疆荒漠化造成的地理阻碍使其向北疆传播的概率较低,同时抑制了该基因向东亚地区的迁移。【结论】基于DNA序列的氨基酸序列比对,发现Glu-D1bp(t)编码的2.6亚基与Glu-D1al编码的2.2~*亚基非常相似。
【Objective and Method】 In order to reveal the genetic diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in Xinjiang wheat landraces, the genetic diversity of wheat in Xinjiang’s northern (northern), eastern (eastern) and southern (southern) The distribution of local varieties HMW-GS was studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the distribution of HMW-GS alleles in Xinjiang wheat was closely related to its geographical origin. Except for the Glu-B1 locus, the allelic variations of Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci were in the northern part and the eastern part There is a significant difference in the frequency of distribution between regions and the southern region. At the Glu-A1 site, the Null subunit encoded by Glu-A1c appeared most frequently, followed by the 2 ~ * subunits encoded by Glu-A1b; however, almost all cultivars in the northern region contained Glu-A1c-encoded Null subunits Only 1 species contains 2 ~ * subunits encoded by Glu-A1b. At the Glu-B1 locus, most wheat landraces in Xinjiang contain the 7 + 8 subunit encoded by Glu-B1b. At the Glu-D1 locus, the newly found allele Glu-D1bp (t) encoded a 2.6 subunit that appeared more frequently in the eastern and southern Xinjiang but lowest in the northern Xinjiang (91% Dongjiang), 61% (Nanjiang) and 19% (Beijiang). The allele Glu-D1bp (t) was widespread in the local winter wheat cultivars in southern Xinjiang. However, northern Xinjiang is dominated by the 2 + 12 subunit encoded by the allele Glu-D1a with a frequency of 83%. As for the origin of Glu-D1bp (t), it is speculated that natural mutation may occur in southern Xinjiang. However, due to the geographical obstruction caused by desertification in southern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang, the probability of its spread to northern Xinjiang is low, East Asia migration. 【Conclusion】 Based on the amino acid sequence alignment of DNA sequences, it was found that the 2.6 subunit encoded by Glu-D1bp (t) is very similar to the 2.2 ~ * subunit encoded by Glu-D1al.