狭义的逻辑主要涉及推论关系,宽泛意义上的逻辑包括关于好推理的原则的研究及其陈述。狭义修辞涉及说服性谈话,尤其是论证。宽泛意义上的修辞是“使事情重要”的艺术。从柏拉图关于辩证法的话语中所抽取出的很多原则,属于宽泛意义上的逻辑。在亚里士多德那里,存在着宽泛意义上的以及狭义上的逻辑和修辞。佩雷尔曼致力于发展一种新修辞学,该修辞学适用于哲学以及公共话语。无论逻辑学家还是修辞学家,均不能逃脱自己论述的逻辑或者伦理责任。逻辑、修辞和辩证法构成了论证的三个不同视野。汀戴尔主张在论证的三大构成中,修辞是最为根本的。 Narrow logic mainly involves deducing relations, and broad logic includes research and statements about the principles of good reasoning. Narrow rhetoric involves persuasive talk, especially argumentation. Rhetoric in a broad sense is the art of “making things important.” Many of the principles extracted from Plato’s discourse on dialectics belong to a broad sense of logic. In Aristotle, there is a wide sense as well as a narrow sense of logic and rhetoric. Perelman is committed to developing a new rhetoric that applies to philosophy and public discourse. Neither logicologists nor rhetoricians can escape the logic or ethical responsibility of their own discussion. Logic, rhetoric and dialectics constitute three different perspectives of argument. Tindale argued that rhetoric is the most fundamental of the three constitutional arguments.