[目的]观察江苏某县3岁儿童尿中重金属水平及其与生长发育的关系,为预防重金属对儿童健康的影响提供科学依据。[方法]选取江苏某县非重金属污染区域3岁儿童461名,收集调查当日的随机尿样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)检测尿中铅、汞、镉水平;测量儿童身高、体质量、头围和胸围;使用“Gesell量表0~3岁智力发育诊断量表”评估儿童智能发育状况;用SPSS 16.0软件分析暴露与健康效应之间的关系。[结果]尿铅、汞及镉的浓度均呈非正态性分布,中位水平及全距分别为2.64μg/L(0.50~25.77μg/L)、0.76μg/L(0.10~9.51μg/L)及0.21μg/L(0.02~2.62μg/L)。肌酐校正后的尿铅、汞及镉的中位数水平和全距分别为5.80μg/gCr(0.80~91.51μg/gCr)、1.86μg/gCr(0.21~28.55μg/gCr)及0.47μg/gCr(0.05~4.61μg/gCr)。男女儿童身高和体质量均高于国家公布的正常值,生长发育状况良好。按尿铅、汞及镉浓度分布的P25、P75分为低、中、高暴露组,不同铅暴露水平组的儿童体质量、身高、动作能、应物能、言语能和应人能不完全相同,差异有统计学意义。不同汞暴露水平组的儿童动作能不完全相同,差异有统计学意义。不同镉暴露水平组的儿童体质量、身高、动作能、应物能、言语能和应人能不完全相同,差异有统计学意义。将尿铅、汞及镉均在P25以下的儿童作为总低暴露组,尿铅、汞及镉均在P75以上的儿童作为总高暴露组,其他的儿童作为总中暴露组,比较发现不同总暴露水平组的儿童体质量、身高、头围、动作能和应人能不完全相同,差异具有统计学意义。以尿铅、尿汞及尿镉浓度的P95值,再将儿童分为极高暴露组,与低暴露组相比,尿铅极高暴露组的应物能较低;尿镉极高暴露组的动作能和应人能较高。多重线性回归分析提示尿镉的浓度的对数值与身高呈负相关。[结论]江苏某县的儿童重金属负荷在稳定范围内,尿中重金属水平与儿童生长发育之间尚未发现有关联。 [Objective] To observe the urinary levels of heavy metals and its relationship with growth and development in 3-year-old children in a county of Jiangsu Province, and provide a scientific basis for preventing the effects of heavy metals on children’s health. [Methods] A total of 461-year-old children aged 3 years from a non-heavy metal pollution area in Jiangsu Province were collected. Random urine samples were collected on the day of investigation. The levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in urine were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) , Body mass, head circumference and chest circumference. The “Gesell Scale 0 ~ 3 years old mental development diagnostic scale” was used to evaluate the intelligence development of children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between exposure and health effects. [Results] The concentrations of urinary lead, mercury and cadmium showed non-normal distribution. The median level and full range were 2.64μg / L (0.50 ~ 25.77μg / L), 0.76μg / L (0.10 ~ 9.51μg / L) and 0.21μg / L (0.02 ~ 2.62μg / L). The median levels of urine lead, mercury and cadmium after calibration for creatinine were 5.80μg / gCr (0.80-91.51μg / gCr), 1.86μg / gCr (0.21-28.55μg / gCr) and 0.47μg / gCr (0.05 ~ 4.61μg / gCr). The height and body mass of boys and girls were both higher than the normal values ​​announced by the state and their growth and development were in good condition. P25 and P75 were respectively divided into low, middle and high exposure groups according to the distribution of urinary lead, mercury and cadmium. The body mass, height, motility, energy, speech energy and incompleteness of children with different levels of lead exposure The same, the difference was statistically significant. Children with different levels of mercury exposure did not behave exactly the same, with significant differences. Children with different levels of cadmium exposure had different body weight, height, motor ability, physical ability, verbal ability and ability to be completely different from each other. The difference was statistically significant. Children with urinary lead, mercury and cadmium below P25 as the total low exposure group, children with urinary lead, mercury and cadmium above P75 as the total high exposure group, other children as the total exposure group, found that different total Exposed level group of children’s body weight, height, head circumference, and action should be different from the same person, the difference was statistically significant. Urinary lead, urinary mercury and urinary cadmium concentrations of P95 values, and then children were divided into very high exposure group, compared with the low exposure group, The action can and should be higher. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between logarithm of urinary cadmium concentration and height. [Conclusion] The heavy metal load of children in one county of Jiangsu Province is in a stable range. There is no correlation between the level of heavy metal in urine and the growth and development of children.