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哥伦比亚号航天飞机的机身是用铝合金制成的,机身表面的70％覆盖着约3万块的硅瓦,这种硅瓦材料是用直径为1.5微米的二氧化硅纤维,在1316℃的高温下与胶体二氧化硅烧结而成的,然后切割成15～20厘米的正方形,其厚度为1.3～15厘米(根据不同的绝热要求,厚度也有差异)。为增加硅瓦在高温下的热辐射,在硅瓦上覆盖了一层黑色的含硼硅酸盐,同时,为使其能在低温下反射阳光,又在其表面覆盖了一层白色陶瓷。为了防止因硅瓦与铝合金机身的膨胀差和振动所引起的硅瓦破损,在机身与硅瓦之间用聚芳酰胺纤维和毛毡作为缓冲材料,用有机硅胶粘剂粘接,构成缓冲系统。
The space shuttle Columbia’s body is made of aluminum alloy, 70% of the fuselage surface is covered with about 30,000 pieces of silicon, the silicon tile material is a diameter of 1.5 microns of silica fiber, 1316 ℃ and colloidal silica sintered at high temperatures, and then cut into 15 to 20 cm square, the thickness of 1.3 to 15 cm (depending on the insulation requirements, the thickness is also different). In order to increase the thermal radiation of the silicon tile at high temperatures, the silicon tile is covered with a layer of black borosilicate and, at the same time, covered with a layer of white ceramic in order to reflect sunlight at a low temperature. In order to prevent the silicon and aluminum alloy body due to poor expansion and vibration caused by the silicon tile damage, between the fuselage and the silicon tile with aramid fibers and felt as a buffer material, with silicone adhesive bonding, constitute a buffer system.