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一、前言虽然在本世纪初就开始在矿山使用锚杆,但正式普通采用是从1950年。起初采用楔缝式锚杆,即机械式的锚固方式,进入六十年代之后出现了可靠性高的全长锚固式锚杆,目前在日本几乎全部采用这种锚杆。锚杆的支护作用有悬吊作用,组合梁作用、成拱作用、拱顶石(冠石)作用等,它与棚式支架、钢拱支架相比较,不但在支护效果方面毫无逊色,而且有以下优点:1)体积小,保管方便,运输容易。2)由于锚杆露出岩面的部分短,所以巷道的有效断面大,通风阻力小,车辆运行方便。3)维修管理容易。
I. Preface Although anchor bolts were used in mines at the beginning of this century, the formal adoption was formally from the 1950’s. The initial use of wedge-type anchor, that is, mechanical anchoring, into the sixties after the emergence of high-reliability full-length anchor bolt, almost all of Japan now use this anchor. Bolt supporting role of the suspension, the role of composite beams, arching effect, the role of the crown stone (crown stone), which is compared with the shed support, steel arch support, not only in terms of support effect , But also has the following advantages: 1) small size, easy storage, easy to transport. 2) Because of the short part of the exposed rock face of the rock bolt, the effective cross section of the roadway is large, the ventilation resistance is small, and the vehicle is convenient to run. 3) Maintenance management easy.