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目的:回顾国家自然科学基金预防医学领域资助情况，总结分支学科与机构获批资助特征，分析资助分布而产生的效应。方法:描述性分析2010—2019年国家自然科学基金预防医学领域资助情况，并通过构建单体资助力度和强度指数分析其聚集效应。结果:预防医学资助数量、金额和获批机构数量整体呈增长趋势，10年间累计获批资助金额16.83亿元，在医学科学部占比维持在4%左右。非传染病流行病学、人类营养、卫生毒理3个分支学科的获资助项目数、金额、机构数量及单体资助力度等方面均位居前三。分支学科资助不均衡呈现分化现象。高校在获批资助金额、机构数量、单体资助力度上明显高于科研机构和疾控中心。Top10单位资助金额整体占比达到41.49%，明显呈现出“头部”效应。结论:自然科学基金应持续加大预防医学领域投入；在优势学科重点突破，补齐短板弱势学科，引导高校、科研院所和疾控中心的各自优势开展机构间项目合作，鼓励开展跨学科研究，从而提升学科创新能力。“,”Objective:To review the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of preventive medicine, summarize the characteristics of approved funding for sub-disciplines and institutions, to further analyze the effects of funding distribution.Methods:Descriptively analyze the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of preventive medicine from 2010 to 2019, and analyze its aggregation effect by constructing a single funding strength and intensity index.Results:The project number, funding amount and number of research institutions have shown an overall upward trend. In the past 10 years, a total of 1.683 billion has been approved for funding, and the proportion in the Department of Health Sciences has remained at about 4%. Non-communicable disease epidemiology, human nutrition, and health toxicology are among the top three in terms of project number, funding amount, and number of grantee institutions. Sub-discipline funding is uneven, showing a phenomenon of development differentiation. The amount of approved funding, the number of institutions, and the strength of individual funding for universities are significantly higher than those of scientific research institutions and CDCs. The total amount of Top 10 funding accounted for 41.49%, which obviously showed a “ head” effect.Conclusions:The Natural Science Foundation of China should continue to increase investment in the field of preventive medicine. Key breakthroughs in dominant disciplines, weaker disciplines make up for shortcomings, guide universities, research institutes, and CDCs to carry out inter-institutional project cooperation based on their respective advantages, and encourage interdisciplinary research to enhance discipline innovation capabilities.