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历史档案是史料的重要组成部分,有极高的价值。现存的古代档案中,以清代档案为最多,共有一千多万件,收藏的中心是中国第一历史档案馆(以下简称“一档馆”)。这些档案按管理系统分为74个全宗,基本上每个全宗包括了当时一个独立建制的中央或地方机关所形成的档案。其中档案数量最多的全宗有:内阁、军机处、宫中、内务府、宗人府、清国史馆、刑部和溥仪、瑞方等全宗。除一档馆保管的以外,尚有相当数量的清代档案散存在各省市档案馆和其他有关单位,如辽宁、四川、西藏、山东、吉林、黑龙江、福建、内蒙、广东、安徽、青海、湖南、陕西等地方档案馆。此外,台北故宫博物院和一些外国档案馆亦收藏着一定数量的清代档案。
Historical archives are an important part of historical materials and have very high value. Among the existing ancient archives, the archives of the Qing Dynasty are the most common, with a total of more than 10 million pieces. The center of the collection is the First Historical Archives of China (hereinafter referred to as “Archives”). According to the management system, the files are divided into 74 Fonds. Basically, each Fonds includes the archives of a separately-formed central or local authority at that time. Among them, the largest number of archives are: Fighters, Military Corps, Palace, House, Zongren, Qing History Museum, Ministry of Punishments and Pu Yi, Rui Fang and other Fonds. In addition to the custody of a file library, there are still a considerable number of files in the Qing Dynasty scattered in archives and provincial and municipal archives and other relevant units such as Liaoning, Sichuan, Tibet, Shandong, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Anhui, Qinghai, Hunan, Shaanxi and other local archives. In addition, the National Palace Museum in Taipei and some foreign archives are also a collection of a certain number of files in the Qing Dynasty.