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要想把氦、氖、氩、氪和氙等惰性气体变为固体是相当艰难的.若通过降温,则须在相当低的温度下才能实现.例如对于氪为-157℃,对氩为-189℃。近来人们用离子注入的办法,可以轻而易举地在室温将它们固化,而且在摄氏几百度才能使它熔化.这种固化的惰性气体是一种非常神奇的物质,它不服从理想气体的规律,通常的范德瓦尔态方程对它已不适用.这个问题是现代科学技术中必然要遇到的.例如在用离子溅射进行表面清洁处理时,无论用离子束混杂制造新合金,还是用惰性气体进行材料改性,或者用α粒子轰击反应堆内壳壁时,都会遇到形成固体惰性气体气泡的问题.因此,这种因离子注入而产生的气体固化现象,是最近大批物理理论和实验工作者感兴趣的问题.
To solidify helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon into a solid is rather difficult, and if the temperature is lowered, it must be done at a relatively low temperature, for example, at -157 ° C for krypton, 189 ° C. Recently, by ion implantation, people can easily cure them at room temperature and melt it at several hundred degrees Celsius, a very magical substance that does not obey the laws of the ideal gas, usually Van der Waal equation has not applied to it.This problem is inevitable to encounter in modern science and technology.For example, when using ion sputtering for surface cleaning, regardless of the new alloy made by ion beam hybridization, or with inert gas The problem of forming bubbles of solid inert gas is encountered when material modification or bombardment of the shell wall with alpha particles.As a result, the phenomenon of gas solidification by ion implantation is the result of a large number of recent physics theories and experimental workers Questions of interest.