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由于碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)的层间结合强度较低,进行切削加工时在切削力的作用下容易出现分层和毛刺等质量缺陷。因此,通过对切削力的预测与控制可以有效提高加工质量。采用瞬时刚性力模型对多齿铣刀侧铣多层CFRP材料的加工过程进行铣削力建模与仿真,分析了多齿铣刀特有的几何结构对切削力的影响。试验中保持切削速度恒定,以不同进给速度分别对45°、0°、-45°和90°这4种典型纤维方向的单向CFRP进行侧铣加工,通过测得的切削力数据计算各自的铣削力系数。根据力学矢量叠加原理得到了多向CFRP铣削力系数的简化计算表达式,最后将计算结果代入铣削力模型得到了各时刻的铣削力仿真值。在同样的试验条件下对该多向CFRP进行侧铣加工验证试验,试验结果表明:该模型能较好地预测铣削力,最大相对误差小于9%,平均相对误差小于5%,可为铣削参数优化和刀具结构优化提供理论基础。
Due to the low interlayer bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic matrix composites (CFRP), the quality defects such as delamination and burrs easily occur during the cutting process under the action of cutting force. Therefore, by cutting force prediction and control can effectively improve the processing quality. The instantaneous rigid force model was used to simulate and simulate the milling force of multi-tooth milling side-milling multi-layer CFRP. The influence of the geometry of multi-tooth milling cutter on the cutting force was analyzed. During the experiment, the cutting speed was kept constant. The unidirectional CFRP with four typical fiber orientations of 45 °, 0 °, -45 ° and 90 ° were side-milled at different feed rates respectively. From the measured cutting force data, The milling force coefficient. According to the principle of superposition of mechanics vector, the simplified calculation expression of multi-directional CFRP milling force coefficient is obtained. Finally, the calculated results are substituted into the milling force model to obtain the simulation value of milling force at each moment. Under the same experimental conditions, the multi-directional CFRP was tested by side milling. The experimental results show that the model can predict the milling force better, the maximum relative error is less than 9% and the average relative error is less than 5% Optimization and optimization of tool structure to provide a theoretical basis.