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沙门氏菌感染可以5种不同临床形式出现。胃肠炎型最常见,约占70％病例。通常由鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起,属自限性疾病,罕需抗生素治疗。典型肠热症由伤寒杆菌引起,抗生素治疗可缩短病程。沙门氏菌菌血症(无局灶性感染)常由猪霍乱沙门氏菌所致,其特征是持续数周的高热。沙门氏菌亦可引起慢性带菌状态(肠道或泌尿道),从疾病(或培养阳性)开始,排菌时间超过一年。最后,沙门氏菌可局限于体内某一位置,引起颇富特征性的临床综合征。
Salmonella infections can occur in five different clinical forms. Gastroenteritis type is the most common, accounting for about 70% of cases. Often caused by Salmonella typhimurium, is a self-limiting disease, rarely needed antibiotic treatment. Typical typhoid fever caused by typhoid bacilli, antibiotic treatment can shorten the course. Salmonella bacteremia (no focal infection) is often caused by Salmonella choleraesuisis, which is characterized by high fever lasting several weeks. Salmonella can also cause chronic carriage of bacteria (gut or urinary tract) and, starting from the disease (or culture positive), takes over one year. Finally, Salmonella can be confined to a location in the body, causing quite characteristic clinical syndromes.