后效(washback)作为应用语言学的一个特殊概念,一般指一个测验的使用在多大程度上影响了语言教师和学习者的行为,而他们的行为是在有测验的情况下才会产生的,这些行为会促进或制约语言的学习。提高后效的积极性方法很多,本文重点介绍了引入形成性评估模式的必要性,并认为应将其与终结性评估模式结合在一起实施。 As a special concept of applied linguistics, washback generally refers to the extent to which the use of a test affects the behavior of language teachers and learners, and their behavior is generated only when there is a test. These behaviors promote or restrict language learning. There are many ways to improve the aftermath, and this article focuses on the necessity of introducing a formative assessment model and concludes that it should be implemented in conjunction with the final assessment model.