论文部分内容阅读
目的了解不同家庭背景儿童生长发育水平,探讨家庭因素对儿童生长发育的影响。方法随机整群抽样调查54633名健康儿童,按照人体标准测量方法测量其身高体重。采用调查问卷了解儿童家庭情况并进行家庭多因素分析。结果城区儿童体重、身高均值分别高于农村儿童0.68kg、0.87cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。处于不同家庭类型的同性别儿童体重和身高指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);主干家庭的儿童平均体重与身高(12.45kg、85.99cm)分别低于核心家庭儿童(14.33kg、93.11cm)。外婆或奶奶与保姆为主抚养的男童平均体重与身高(13.15kg、84.80cm)及女童平均体重与身高(12.57kg、88.17cm)明显低于母亲抚养组的男童(14.44kg、92.89cm)与女童(13.80kg、91.76cm)(P<0.01)。抚养人文化程度高,儿童体重、身高均值有增高趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。父母文化程度和不同职业对儿童体重影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但父母是大学/大专文化程度的儿童平均身高(92.65cm)高于其他组(90.61cm),干部、军人、文教卫生与科技职业父母其儿童平均身高(94.16cm)高于其他组(90.84cm),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同生活环境的儿童生长发育水平存在差异,家庭因素对儿童身长(高)的影响比体重更为明显。文化程度较低的儿童抚养人是儿童保健健康教育的重点人群。
Objective To understand the growth and development of children with different family backgrounds and to explore the impact of family factors on children’s growth and development. Methods A total of 54633 healthy children were randomly sampled by cluster sampling to measure their height and weight according to the standard method of human body measurement. A questionnaire was used to understand children’s family situations and to conduct a family multivariate analysis. Results The average body weight and height of urban children were higher than those of rural children (0.68kg and 0.87cm, respectively) (P <0.01). The differences of body weight and height between children of same sex in different family types were statistically significant (P <0.01). The average body weight and height (12.45kg, 85.99cm) of the children of the main family were lower than that of the core family children (14.33kg, 93.11cm ). The average weight and height of boys (13.15kg, 84.80cm) and the average weight and height of girls (12.57kg, 88.17cm) raised by grandma or grandmother and nannies were significantly lower than those of the mother raising group (14.44kg, 92.89cm ) And girls (13.80 kg, 91.76 cm) (P <0.01). There was a trend of increase in the education level of dependents, mean body weight and height of children, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Parents ’educational level and different occupations had no significant differences in children’s weight (P> 0.05). However, the average height of children with parents’ college / college education was 92.65cm higher than that of other groups (90.61cm) The average height of pedagogical health and science and technology parents (94.16cm) was higher than other groups (90.84cm), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The growth and development of children in different living environments are different. The impact of family factors on children ’s height (height) is more obvious than that of body weight. Children with less education are the key groups in child health education.