所谓“维新方略”,是指以康有为代表的资产阶级维新派在戊戌时期为推动维新变法运动而采取的政治手段及策略。从1895年发动“公车上书”,到1898年“戊戌政变”爆发,短短的3年间,维新派先后采取了:上书皇帝,打动圣衷而变法;开学会,“合大群”以挽世变;办报刊以“开绅智”、“开官智”、“开民智”;兴学堂以培养变法人才等“维新方略”。对此,史学界已作详尽的阐释。而笔者则认为:除了上述方略之外,戊戌时期维新派还曾经模仿日本明治维新,以湖南为中心,设计实行过“腹地自立”,建立变法基地的维新方略。这一计划虽然没有最后成功,却对维新运动产生了重大影响。 一 1897年11月,德国强占胶州湾,划山东为其势力范围,掀起了瓜分中国的新狂潮。其他列强也相继效尤,瓜分中国,亡国灭种的惨祸再一次降临华夏大地,为救亡图存,变法自强,维新志士心怀“胶东之耻”,加快了维新变法的政治步伐。1897年冬,康有为赶赴北京,递“上清帝第四书”,北京城内再度出现维新变法的热潮。但令人疑惑的是,在此前后,维新派的核心人物却没有奔赴北京,而是纷纷云集湖南。1897年11月梁启超应时务学堂之邀,离沪抵湘。1898年2月,谭嗣同也离开官场,由鄂返湘。梁、谭二人,再加上在湘的康才常、皮锡瑞、樊锥等维新志士,形成了一个强大的? The so-called “rejuvenation strategy” refers to the political tactics and tactics adopted by Kang Youwei as a bourgeois reformers in the reform movement in 1898 to promote reform and reform. From 1895, launched the “bus letter” to the 1898 “coup of 1898” broke out, just a short span of three years, the reformists have taken: the emperor, moving the holy mind and change the law; ; Run newspapers “open gentry wisdom”, “open official wisdom”, “open people wisdom”; Xing school to cultivate change talent, “strategy of reform.” In this regard, historians have made a detailed explanation. The author thinks: In addition to the above strategy, the reformist faction of 1898 also imitated the Meiji Restoration of Japan, and designed and implemented the strategy of “relying on its own hinterland” and establishing a reform base for its reform. Although this plan was not finally successful, it had a significant impact on the reform movement. In November 1897, Germany seized Jiaozhou Bay and delineated Shandong as its sphere of influence, setting off a new frenzy that divides China. Other powers have also become more and more effective. The division of China, once again the tragedy of perishing and destroying the nation, has once again come to the land of Huaxia. In order to save the nation and improve its own strength, the reformist lofty spirit of “Jiaodong shame” has accelerated the pace of political reform. In the winter of 1897, Kang Youwei rushed to Beijing and handed over the fourth book of the Qing Emperor. There was a renewed upsurge of reform in Beijing. But what is puzzling is that before and after this period, the core elements of the Reformists did not go to Beijing, but instead gathered in Hunan. In November 1897, Liang Qichao should be invited by the School of Business Affairs to arrive in Shanghai from Shanghai. In February 1898, Tan Sitong also left the officialdom and returned to Hunan from Hubei Province. Beam, Tan two people, coupled with Hunan Kang Caichang, Pi Xirui, fan cone and other new lords, formed a powerful?