论文部分内容阅读
从近代到现代,生产一直在不断分化(分工)之中,这是社会化大生产的基石。 作业的分工在手工业工场时期已经开始。英国古典政治经济学奠基人亚当·斯密就曾指出分工能使劳动生产率提高的三个原因:(1)重复同一作业可以提高技能;(2)可以减少从一个作业转到另一个作业所需时间的损失;(3)分工可以使作业单纯化,从而有利于改进生产工具和机械。他据此提出,分工应作为集体生产的基本原则。马克思曾高度概括:“任何新的生产力,只要它不仅仅是现有生产力的量的扩大(例如开垦新的土地),都会引起分工的进一步发展。”
From modern times to modern times, production has been continuously divided (work division), which is the cornerstone of socialized production. The division of work has begun during the handicraft workshop period. Adam Smith, the founder of the classical political economy in the United Kingdom, pointed out three reasons why the division of labor can increase labor productivity: (1) repetition of the same task can improve skills; (2) can reduce the need to transfer from one job to another. Loss of time; (3) The division of labor can make job simplification and thus facilitate the improvement of production tools and machinery. He therefore proposed that the division of labor should be the basic principle of collective production. Marx once highly summed up: “Any new productive force, as long as it is not merely an enlargement of the existing productivity (for example, the opening up of new land), will cause the further development of the division of labor.”