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【Absrtact】As an important mode of modern transportation， transportation aviation is favored by more and more passengers. However，the main factors causing flight delays are analyzed from four aspects. And combined with the characteristics of China’s transportation aviation operation， the paper puts forward the countermeasures of flight delay， aiming at providing constructive suggestions to alleviate flight delay.
【Key words】flight delay; SHELL model; cause of formation; countermeasures
【作者簡介】Yu xiao， Cheng Xiao-kang， Civil Aviation Flight University of China.
Ⅰ.Introduction
The Founding of China’s Civil Aviation in 1949 opened a new chapter in the development of China’s civil aviation. With the rapid development of the civil aviation， various flight problems have followed one after another. The normal rate of flights has stagnated， even dropping from 83.12% in 2007 to 68.33% in 2015. In 2016， it rose to 76.76%， while in 2017， it dropped again to 71.67%. In 2018， the normal rate of flights in China reached 80.13%. The problem of flight delay has become the focus and difficulty in the development of civil aviation.
The aviation industry in developed countries such as the United States started earlier and its operation system is more mature than that in China. However， flight delays are inevitable. The main research on flight delays is as follows：1.Tax policy on flight delays， Robin explained that the flight delays in the United States vary according to tax policy.2.Cost of delay： In 2010， Michael Cynthia Bahat conducted a comprehensive assessment of the cost and impact of flight delay losses， and the final result was very convincing .
The rapid development of China’s aviation industry has made flight delays more and more prominent. Xie Yunshuang based on the compensation measures for domestic flight delays， have thoroughly explored the factors that lead to flight delays and completed the analysis of the economic impact of flight delays on airlines.Liu Guangcai deeply analyzed some of their existing solutions to the problem of flight delays. And they drew lessons from and learned from foreign measures to deal with flight delays， and pointed out the suggestion that China should start from the root to solve the problem of flight delays.
H- Hardware： Aircraft， Airborne Equipment， etc.
E- environment： the operating environment of aircrafts.
L- personnel： including the personnel and human factors. Ⅱ.Analysis of Causes of Flight Delay
Flight delays are caused by a variety of factors. According to the data released by the Civil Aviation Administration of China， the average normal rate of flights of China’s national passenger airlines in 2017 was 71.67%， while among total factors causing flight delays， airlines ，air traffic control and weather accounted in the table .
1.Weather Causes. Precipitation will also affect the normal take-off of flights. Mainly reflected in the visual impact， reducing the visibility of the air and the ground. Low-level clouds are also a factor causing flight delays， mainly reflected in the take-off and landing phases， which will pose a threat to flight safety.
2.Airline reasons.Airlines reasons are another important factor causing flight delays， especially for small and medium-sized airlines， whose main problems appear in the management system. The lack of high-level management methods， imperfect management mode and the lack of refined and standardized management spirit will all result in inefficient flight operation and lead to flight delays to a large extent.
3.Reasons for Flight Control .Due to the rapid growth of China’s air traffic volume and the airspace resources have not yet reached synchronization with it， it is found that the available airspace of China’s civil aviation is seriously deficient， accounting for only one fifth of total， and is unevenly distributed， especially during peak hours， some air routes are seriously overloaded. And military activities will make the insufficient airspace resources more crowded， thus affecting the normal take-off of the aircraft and aggravating flight delays.
4.Reasons of Passengers. Passengers reasons are also a factor that cannot be ignored in causing flight delays. Some passengers arrive at the airport only after the check-in of the flight. Under normal circumstances， the staff will try their best to help passengers catch the plane， but this has also affected the normal take-off of the flight， and even this humanized service has to some extent fostered the inertia of passengers arriving late.
Ⅲ.The flight delay response measures
1.Improve the Response Measures to Severe Weather. Whether a flight can fly normally or not is inextricably linked to the weather conditions of the entire flight route. Bad weather will not only lead to delays， but also pose a great threat to flight safety. There is great uncertainty and passivity in flight delays caused by weather factors， and flight delays caused by such factors are beyond human control. When there is a long delay， the staff should inform the passengers in time and provide them with rest areas and catering services. If necessary， it should also dredge and isolate passengers in time to avoid the gathering of passengers， especially those who are more emotional， which is of great benefit to avoid disputes. 2.Improving the Operating Efficiency of Airlines.
【Key words】flight delay; SHELL model; cause of formation; countermeasures
【作者簡介】Yu xiao， Cheng Xiao-kang， Civil Aviation Flight University of China.
Ⅰ.Introduction
The Founding of China’s Civil Aviation in 1949 opened a new chapter in the development of China’s civil aviation. With the rapid development of the civil aviation， various flight problems have followed one after another. The normal rate of flights has stagnated， even dropping from 83.12% in 2007 to 68.33% in 2015. In 2016， it rose to 76.76%， while in 2017， it dropped again to 71.67%. In 2018， the normal rate of flights in China reached 80.13%. The problem of flight delay has become the focus and difficulty in the development of civil aviation.
The aviation industry in developed countries such as the United States started earlier and its operation system is more mature than that in China. However， flight delays are inevitable. The main research on flight delays is as follows：1.Tax policy on flight delays， Robin explained that the flight delays in the United States vary according to tax policy.2.Cost of delay： In 2010， Michael Cynthia Bahat conducted a comprehensive assessment of the cost and impact of flight delay losses， and the final result was very convincing .
The rapid development of China’s aviation industry has made flight delays more and more prominent. Xie Yunshuang based on the compensation measures for domestic flight delays， have thoroughly explored the factors that lead to flight delays and completed the analysis of the economic impact of flight delays on airlines.Liu Guangcai deeply analyzed some of their existing solutions to the problem of flight delays. And they drew lessons from and learned from foreign measures to deal with flight delays， and pointed out the suggestion that China should start from the root to solve the problem of flight delays.
H- Hardware： Aircraft， Airborne Equipment， etc.
E- environment： the operating environment of aircrafts.
L- personnel： including the personnel and human factors. Ⅱ.Analysis of Causes of Flight Delay
Flight delays are caused by a variety of factors. According to the data released by the Civil Aviation Administration of China， the average normal rate of flights of China’s national passenger airlines in 2017 was 71.67%， while among total factors causing flight delays， airlines ，air traffic control and weather accounted in the table .
1.Weather Causes. Precipitation will also affect the normal take-off of flights. Mainly reflected in the visual impact， reducing the visibility of the air and the ground. Low-level clouds are also a factor causing flight delays， mainly reflected in the take-off and landing phases， which will pose a threat to flight safety.
2.Airline reasons.Airlines reasons are another important factor causing flight delays， especially for small and medium-sized airlines， whose main problems appear in the management system. The lack of high-level management methods， imperfect management mode and the lack of refined and standardized management spirit will all result in inefficient flight operation and lead to flight delays to a large extent.
3.Reasons for Flight Control .Due to the rapid growth of China’s air traffic volume and the airspace resources have not yet reached synchronization with it， it is found that the available airspace of China’s civil aviation is seriously deficient， accounting for only one fifth of total， and is unevenly distributed， especially during peak hours， some air routes are seriously overloaded. And military activities will make the insufficient airspace resources more crowded， thus affecting the normal take-off of the aircraft and aggravating flight delays.
4.Reasons of Passengers. Passengers reasons are also a factor that cannot be ignored in causing flight delays. Some passengers arrive at the airport only after the check-in of the flight. Under normal circumstances， the staff will try their best to help passengers catch the plane， but this has also affected the normal take-off of the flight， and even this humanized service has to some extent fostered the inertia of passengers arriving late.
Ⅲ.The flight delay response measures
1.Improve the Response Measures to Severe Weather. Whether a flight can fly normally or not is inextricably linked to the weather conditions of the entire flight route. Bad weather will not only lead to delays， but also pose a great threat to flight safety. There is great uncertainty and passivity in flight delays caused by weather factors， and flight delays caused by such factors are beyond human control. When there is a long delay， the staff should inform the passengers in time and provide them with rest areas and catering services. If necessary， it should also dredge and isolate passengers in time to avoid the gathering of passengers， especially those who are more emotional， which is of great benefit to avoid disputes. 2.Improving the Operating Efficiency of Airlines.