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导言当我准备撰写此文时,我曾阅读了两个横贯20世纪的人物资料,即法国作家西蒙·德·波伏娃(Simone deBeauvoir,1908～1986)和英国艺术史家兼苏联侦探安瑟尼·布朗特(AnthonyBlunt,1907～1983)。他们两人都出生于20世纪的头十年,均谢世于20世纪80年代。他们两人的一生都是(至少部分是)因对身份认同的追求所塑造。在这两个个案中,都涉及一种对他们的教育给他们的身份认同的拒斥和可选择的身份认同(后来也受到审查置疑)的逐步发展的问题。在《一个年轻女士的回忆录,年龄的力量与事物的力量》一书中,波伏娃讲述了一个天主教资产阶级的教养,对此,已是青少年的她就开始反对。随之而来的个人主义的发展使她察觉应该靠她自己,并且只有她自己来塑造自己的命运,因而全然不顾习俗与传统的限制;而后,在20世纪30年代与40年代初的政治事件压力下,她
Introduction When I was preparing to write this article, I read two figures dating back to the twentieth century: the French writer Simone de Beauvoir (1908 ~ 1986) and the British art historian and Soviet detective Anserney Anthony Blunt (1907 ~ 1983). Both were born in the first decade of the 20th century and both died in the 1980s. The lives of both of them are, at least in part, shaped by their quest for identity. In both cases, they involved a gradual development of a rejection of their identity to their education and a choice of identity (later censored). In a book entitled Memoirs of a Young Lady, the Power of Age and the Power of Things, Beauvoir recounts the upbringing of a Catholic bourgeoisie who, in her youth, started to object. The ensuing development of individualism led her to realize that she should rely on her and only sherself to shape her own destiny, totally ignoring the constraints of customs and traditions; then, during the political events of the 1930s and early 1940s, Under pressure, she