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清乾隆三十五年(1771年),曾经西迁到额济勒河(今伏尔加河)下游的蒙古族土尔扈特部不堪沙俄势力的奴役压迫,决定起义东归祖国。在历时7个多月、行程万里的东归路途中,土尔扈特人义无反顾,浴血奋战,战胜了沙俄、哈萨克等军队不断地围追堵截,承受了人员减半的巨大牺牲,终于胜利返回故土,完成了人类历史上最后一次悲壮的民族大迁徙。正是有了土尔扈特东归的悲壮历史,才有了土尔扈特牧民如今的幸福生活。今年秋季,我们一行40人跟随土尔扈特牧民完成了一次循古游牧活动,从他们的生活轨迹中重温当年东归的光辉历史。
Thirty-five years of the Qing Emperor Qianlong (1771), the Mongol Tuurhur unit, which had moved westward to the lower reaches of the Jizel River (now Volga), did not withstand the enslavement of the tsarist forces and decided to go back to the motherland. During the journey of more than seven months and a thousand miles on the way to Donggui, the Turhts returned to their homeland without any hesitation and fought bloody battles to defeat the continuous troop movements of tsarist Russia and Kazakhstan and other behests who sustained a half-man’s sacrifice. Completed the last tragic national migration in human history. It is with the tragic history of the ancient Turchut only to have the happy life of Torghut herdsmen today. This fall, a group of 40 of us, accompanied by the Turhout herdsmen, completed an ancient nomadism and revisited the glorious history of the reunification of the year from the trajectory of their lives.