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目的了解海口市蚊幼虫的种类、密度、季节消长及蚊幼虫孳生地的类型,掌握蚊幼虫种群动态变化的本底资料,为制定蚊虫综合防治方案提供科学依据。方法在海口市东、西、南、北、中五个不同方位,各选择1个居民区和附近的其他场所的水缸、桶、轮胎等小型水体及河流、水池等大中型水体,分别采用幼虫吸管法和幼虫勺捕法采集蚊幼虫,并进行鉴定。结果库蚊、伊蚊、按蚊3种蚊属均有发现,库蚊除了景观瓶外所有阳性水体中均有生长,按蚊仅在洼地中发现,伊蚊主要在小型水体中孳生,调查的11种29个大中型水体中,阳性水体有3种8个,阳性率27.59%,勺舀指数12.57,阳性水体中下水道阳性率最高,为80%。小型水体5种1 988个,阳性容器654个,阳性率(容器指数)为32.90%,其中轮胎的容器指数最高,为52.94%;蚊幼虫孳生一年四季均有活动,大中型水体8月份密度最高,1月份密度最低,小型水体8月份密度最高,2月份密度最低。结论海口市蚊虫防制工作的重点是在每年的8月份,小型积水、下水道、污水沟是治理重点。
Objective To understand the species, density, seasonal fluctuation of mosquito larvae and the types of breeding sites for mosquito larvae in the city of Haikou, to grasp the background information of the population dynamics of mosquito larvae, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating a comprehensive program of mosquito control. Methods Large and medium-sized water bodies such as water tanks, barrels and tires and other rivers and reservoirs in five different orientations of East, West, South, North and Central China, one residential area and other nearby places were selected Larvae pipette method and larvae scoop method to collect mosquito larvae, and identification. Results Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles mosquitoes were found in all three species of mosquitoes. Culex pipiens pallens were grown in all the positive water bodies except the landscape bottle. Anopheles mosquitoes were only found in the depressions. Aedes aegypti mainly breed in small water bodies. Among 11 kinds of 29 large and medium-sized water bodies, there are 3 kinds of 8 kinds of positive water body, the positive rate is 27.59% and the scooping index is 12.57. The positive rate of positive water body sewer is the highest (80%). There were 5 988 kinds of small water bodies and 654 positive vessels with the positive rate (container index) of 32.90%, of which the container index of the tire was the highest (52.94%). The mosquito larvae were active throughout the year and the density of large and medium-sized water bodies in August Highest in January the lowest density, the highest density of small water in August, February the lowest density. Conclusion The focus of mosquito control in Haikou City is that in August each year, small hydrops, sewers and sewage ditches are the key points of treatment.