在伊格尔顿数量惊人的著述中,《批评与意识形态》以其丰富的概念术语、扎实的理论框架、严谨周全的抽象思辨和平白准确的语言建构的文本学,成为马克思主义文论史上的一项重大成果。与这次成功的理论创举相伴相关,书中对威廉斯身上的英国经验主义印迹进行了尖锐的揭发和批评。本文通过对伊格尔顿与经验主义问题的探究,表明伊格尔顿对自己的恩师发起经验主义批判是其文本学建构工程整体中的基础环节,也与当时的社会政治状况和学术语境有关。但是总体来看,现实关怀和政治效用是贯穿伊格尔顿学术事业的根本动机和中心路线,这个不懈坚守的中心使他能够在借用各种理论资源时,做出灵活的取舍、调整、改造乃至及时的自我检讨。无论从紧贴现实生活、追求实践成效的一贯立场来说,还是从“转向”和“回归”的表现来看,伊格尔顿的文学理论和批评方法都可以归入受经验主义影响颇多的英国文化马克思主义的范畴,这一现象应该引起外国文学和文化研究者的注意和思考。 In an amazing number of Eagleton writings, “Criticism and Ideology” has become the history of Marxist literary theory with its rich conceptual terminology, solid theoretical framework, rigorous and comprehensive abstraction, and accurate and accurate language construction A major achievement. Associated with this successful theoretical initiative, the book sharply exposed and criticized Williams’ imprint of British empiricism. Through the research on Eagleton and empiricism, this article shows that Eagleton’s empiricist criticism of his mentor is the basic link in his construction of textual construction as well as the current social and political conditions and academic context related. However, on the whole, realistic care and political utility are the fundamental motivations and center lines that run through Eagleton’s academic career. This unswerving center enables him to make flexible choices, adjustments and transformations while borrowing various theoretical resources Even a timely self-review. No matter from the consistent standpoint of clinging to real life and pursuing the practical effect, or from the performance of “turning ” and “returning ”, Eagleton’s literary theories and methods of criticism can all be classified as being experienced The category of British cultural Marxism, which has a great influence on the country, should be brought to the attention of and reflections by foreign literary and cultural researchers.