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１９１９年巴黎和会上，中国代表要求收回德国在山东攫取的一切权利，竟然遭到无理拒绝，引发了“五四运动”。尽管中国代表拒绝签字，但和会还是决定把德国在山东的特权全部交给日本。这怎么谈得上“五四运动”取得了初步胜利呢？巴黎和会上中国外交的失败，激怒了中国人民，
At the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, the Chinese representative demanded that Germany’s all rights acquired in Shandong should be withdrawn. It was unexpectedly rejected and triggered the May 4th Movement. Although the Chinese representatives refused to sign, the meeting decided to hand over all of Germany’s privilege in Shandong to Japan. How can this be said that the “May 4th Movement” achieved a preliminary victory? The failure of China’s diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference angered the Chinese people.