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目的了解长沙铁路片区职业卫生管理现状和职业病危害控制重点,为铁路职业病防治提供依据。方法采用现场职业卫生调查、询问及查阅档案的方法,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果长沙铁路片有区职业卫生管理制度、机构设置、应急配备的占100%,职业病危害控制、监测、防护、建档率均<77.0%;共有职业病危害作业点122个,主要为粉尘、物理因素(噪声和高温)、毒物3大类,总监测122个点,合格率为70.9%。粉尘对作业工人的危害性最为突出,检测点数多(39.3%),接尘人数多(65.0%);总涉及接触人员8 006人,总健康监护率为93.9%。结论长沙铁路片区职业卫生管理制度、机构、应急设置健全,职业病危害控制,监测、防护、建档工作有待加强。粉尘、噪声、毒物为主要职业病危害因素,是预防控制工作中的重点。
Objective To understand the status of occupational health management and control of occupational hazards in Changsha Railway Area and provide the basis for the prevention and control of railway occupational diseases. Methods The method of on-the-spot occupational health survey, querying and consulting archives was adopted, and the statistical analysis of the survey results was carried out. Results There were occupational health management systems in Changsha Railway. There were 100% institutional settings and emergency equipment, occupational hazards control, monitoring, protection and filing rates were <77.0%. There were 122 occupational hazards in operation, mainly dust, physical Factors (noise and heat), poison three categories, the total monitoring 122 points, the pass rate of 70.9%. Dust is most harmful to working workers. The number of testing points is high (39.3%) and the number of people receiving dust is high (65.0%). A total of 8 006 people are exposed and the total health care rate is 93.9%. Conclusion The occupational health management system, institutions and emergency facilities in Changsha Railway Area are sound and the work of occupational disease control, monitoring, protection and archiving need to be strengthened. Dust, noise and poison are the major occupational hazards and are the focus of prevention and control work.