《竞争战略》一书的作者迈克尔·波特在他的“五力模型”中,描述了企业在产业中是否能够获利的五个决定因素,分别是新加入者的威胁、替代品的威胁、客户的议价能力、供货商的议价能力以及既有竞争者,在这五种作用力的联合作用下,决定了一个产业中的企业获取超出资本成本的平均投资收益率的能力。 Michael Porter, author of The Competitive Strategy, describes in his “Five Forces Model,” five determinants of whether a firm can make a profit in the industry, namely, the threat of new entrants, the substitution , The bargaining power of customers, the bargaining power of suppliers and existing competitors, the combined effect of these five forces determines the ability of an industry firm to obtain an average return on investment over the cost of capital.