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目的:观察国人腘腓韧带的形态及特点,探讨其对膝关节稳定性的作用。方法:采用50侧成人尸体膝关节标本,对腘腓韧带的形态、位置、大小、起止点、走行、毗邻关系和紧张度进行观测。结果:腘腓韧带是位于膝后外侧部关节囊外的一个斜方形的致密纤维束,起自腓骨头尖,向内上方连接到腘肌腱。其后内侧缘长度为(7.75±2.00)mm,前外侧缘长度为(14.59±2.84)mm,宽度为(8.56±1.52)mm,厚度为(2.93±0.44)mm。该韧带恒定存在,在膝伸直、外旋、内翻时紧张。结论:腘腓韧带对维持膝后外侧稳定起重要作用。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphology and characteristics of popliteal ligament in Chinese and discuss its effect on the stability of knee joint. Methods: 50 adult cadaver knee specimens were used to observe the morphology, location, size, starting and ending points, walking, adjacent relationship and tension of the popliteal ligament. RESULTS: The popliteal ligament was a rhomboid dense fiber bundle located outside the knee joint lateral joint. It originated from the tip of the fibula and was connected to the tendon tendon medially and upwardly. The length of the medial edge was (7.75 ± 2.00) mm, the length of the anterolateral edge was (14.59 ± 2.84) mm, the width was (8.56 ± 1.52) mm and the thickness was (2.93 ± 0.44) mm. The ligaments persist, straightening in the knee, external rotation, varus tension. Conclusion: The popliteal ligament plays an important role in maintaining the lateral stability of the posterior knee.