一、前言现代可供大量生产的金属成型方法有两种:一是将完全呈液态的金属冷却成型,即各种铸造方法;另一种是采用完全呈固态的金属成型,即各种压力加工方法(如锻造、挤压、冲压等)。这两种成型方法的温度界限是金属的凝固温度。一般的铸造方法是在合金的液相线以上(过热到某一温度)进行。压力加工方法是在合金的固相线以下进行。 I. INTRODUCTION There are two kinds of metal shaping methods available for mass production in the modern world: one is to cool the metal in a completely liquid state, that is, the various casting methods; the other is to use a completely solid metal forming, ie, various pressure processes Methods (such as forging, extrusion, stamping, etc.). The temperature limit of these two forming methods is the solidification temperature of the metal. The general casting method is above the liquidus of the alloy (overheating to a certain temperature). Pressure processing is carried out below the solidus of the alloy.