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二次大战末,一些欧洲国家决心和美国一起制定一个国际行为守则,来调整它们之间的国际贸易,并由于它们在国际贸易中占有关键性地位而调整所有国家之间的国际贸易。第一个公约《关税与贸易总协定》(以下简称“总协定”)于1947年签署。该协定要求在国际贸易中实行国际合作、互惠和不加歧视,并规定了国际贸易的行为守则和基本规则。“总协定”还为促进贸易与关税自由定下了基本方针,促成了后来连续七个回合的多边贸易谈判。到1967年肯尼迪回合结束时,主要贸易国的加权平均关税率对工业品降至百分之七点七,对制成品降至百分之九点八,对半制成品降至百分之八,对原料降至百分之二。
At the end of World War II, some European countries were determined to work with the United States to formulate an international code of conduct to adjust international trade between them and to adjust international trade among all nations because of their pivotal position in international trade. The first General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (hereinafter referred to as the “GATT”) was signed in 1947. The agreement requires international cooperation in international trade, reciprocity and non-discrimination, and a code of conduct and basic rules on international trade. The GATT also laid down the basic guidelines for promoting trade and tariff freedom and contributed to the subsequent seven rounds of multilateral trade negotiations. By the end of the Kennedy Round of 1967, the weighted average tariff rates of major trading nations had dropped to 7.7 per cent for industrial goods, 9.8 per cent for manufactured goods and 9.8 per cent for semi-finished products Eight, the raw materials dropped to 2%.