史学批评,也名史学评论(historical review)“是对有关史家、史书、史学现象等史学问题发表评论性、商榷性意见与见解”~①。当然,历史上,“批判”被滥用,遭受误解,那是另外一回事。史学批评,可以微观地评论史著的史料、逻辑结构、理论方法、语言文字和社会倾向等;还可以宏观地判定史学家及其著作在史学史上的传承、地位、贡献和局限等。通常情况下,史学批评会出现极端对立的观点,而其本质上都是偏 Historical criticism, also known as historical review (historical review) “is the history of historians, history books, historical issues such as historiography issues commentary, views and opinions ” ~. Of course, historically, “criticism” has been misused and misunderstood. That is another matter. Historical criticism can be used to comment on the historical materials, logical structure, theoretical methods, language and social tendency of the history. It can also judge the inheritance, status, contribution and limitations of historians and their works in the history of science historically. Under normal circumstances, historical criticism will appear extremely antagonistic point of view, and its nature is partial