目的了解对哮喘患儿及其家长进行健康教育的效果,为进一步探索儿童哮喘自我管理教育模式提供依据。方法整群抽取顺义区20所小学一至五年级学生,通过家长填写问卷,筛选出哮喘及可疑哮喘的学生614名作为研究对象。对学生614名及其家长589名进行哮喘相关知识教育,通过问卷调查评价健康教育效果。结果经过健康教育,学生对于哮喘早期症状和如何避免或减少发作的总体知晓率分别由32.78%,29.38%提高到62.89%,64.11%;识别哮喘发作的信号、应急处理措施的总体知晓率由27.13%上升到57.40%;家长对于哮喘知识总体知晓率由31.44%上升到49.84%,差异均有统计学意义。但教育后仍有34.22%的家长、24.91%的患儿对于参与运动和69.4%的家长对于激素的使用存在顾虑。结论对家长和患儿进行哮喘自我管理教育是预防和控制哮喘发作的一项重要措施。 Objective To understand the effects of health education on children with asthma and their parents, and to provide basis for further exploring children’s asthma self-management education mode. METHODS: A total of 614 primary and secondary students from 20 primary schools in Shunyi District were enrolled in the study. Sixty-four students with asthma and suspicious asthma were screened out by questionnaire filled out by parents. A total of 614 students and their parents, 589, were educated about asthma, and questionnaires were used to evaluate the effects of health education. Results After health education, students’ overall awareness rate of early symptoms of asthma and how to avoid or reduce seizures increased from 32.78% and 29.38% to 62.89% and 64.11%, respectively. The overall awareness rate of identifying the onset of asthma and emergency measures was 27.13 % To 57.40%; parents’ overall awareness of asthma knowledge from 31.44% to 49.84%, the differences were statistically significant. However, there are still 34.22% of parents after education, 24.91% of children have concerns about the use of hormones for participating in sports and 69.4% of parents. Conclusion Education for parents and children with asthma self-management is an important measure to prevent and control asthma attacks.