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通过对“5.12”极重灾区的映秀~汶川高速公路和G213线映秀~汶川段在“7.9”泥石流中隧道工程受损情况进行调查分析,针对强震区公路隧道遭受暴雨泥石流灾害特征进行了归纳总结,认为“5.12”震后造成的山体松动损伤和水文地质恶化、泥石流改道及流态发生变化、明洞拱背回填措施不足,以及隧道明洞段基础抗冲刷能力不够是隧道受损的主要原因,为此提出了相应的减灾对策思路:重视地震对于灾害的叠加放大效应,加强震后地质灾害调查评估,合理地进行超预期设计,注重明洞段防护和洞身的防排水能力设计,采用合理的明洞基础形式确保过流能力,加强洞口泥石流危险性的辨识防范和易发性的评估,从而达到防灾减灾的目的,对于震区隧道工程建设具有重要的借鉴和指导价值。
Through the investigation and analysis of the damage of tunnel project Yingxiu ~ Wenchuan Expressway and Yingxiu ~ Wenchuan Section of G213 in “7.9 ” debris flow disaster in “5.12” extremely severe disaster area, It is concluded that the loosening and hydrogeological deterioration of the mountain caused by the “5.12” earthquake, the diversion of the debris flow and the change of fluid regime, the inadequate backfilling of the arch back in Myeong-dong and the insufficient anti-scour ability of the tunnel in Myungdong section Is the main reason for the tunnel damage. Therefore, the corresponding countermeasures for disaster reduction are put forward: paying attention to the superposition effect of earthquakes on disasters, strengthening the investigation and assessment of geological disasters after the earthquake, rationally designing beyond expectation, paying attention to the protection and the cave body Of the drainage capacity of the design, the use of a reasonable basis to ensure that the flow of Myeong-based capacity to enhance the identification of mud-rock flow hazard prevention and susceptibility assessment, so as to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation for seismic zone construction is important Reference and guidance value.